PANCREATITIS

Pancreatitis:
 is inflammation in the pancreas associated with injury to the exocrine parenchyma.


Acute pancreatitis is reversible pancreatic parenchymal injury associated with inflammation. Acute pancreatitis is relatively common, with an annual incidence rate in Western countries of 10 to 20 cases per 100,000 people.
common causes of acute pancreatitis include:
•    Obstruction of the pancreatic duct system
•    Medications. More than 85 drugs have been implicated. These include furosemide, azathioprine, 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine, estrogens
•    Infections, including mumps,
•    Ischemic injury from shock, vascular thrombosis, embolism, and vasculitis.
•    Trauma. Both blunt abdominal trauma and iatrogenic injury during surgery or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

Chronic pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas with irreversible destruction of exocrine parenchyma, fibrosis, and, in the late stages, the destruction of endocrine parenchyma.
causes of chronic pancreatitis include:
•    Long-standing obstruction of the pancreatic duct by pseudocysts, calculi, trauma, neoplasms, or pancreas divisum. There is often dilation of the pancreatic duct
•    Hereditary pancreatitis, which is caused by germline mutations in PRSS1